Ishq Ki Parwaaz

Preamble

The Polavaram Irrigation Project is a Multipurpose one conferring Irrigation benefits in the upland areas of Visakhapatnam, East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna Districts. It also envisages drinking water supply to Visakhapatnam Township and other towns and villages enroute and Industrial water supply to the Visakhapatnam coast based Steel Plant and other industries in the vicinity, generation of Hydal Power, affording Navigation facilities, development of pisciculture and providing recreation and other benefits, besides urbanisation.

The Project also provides diversion of 2,27 T. M.Cum (80 TMC ft.) of Godavari Waters to Krishna Basin.

The Project is located in Andhra Pradesh near Polavaram village about 34 KMs. (21 Miles) upstream of Kovvur - Rajahmundry Road and 42 KM. (26 Miles) upstream of Sir Arthur Cotton Barrage, at Longitude 81°-39' 46" E and Latitude 17°-16' 53" N.

The Polavaram Project is essentially a diversion scheme and estimated for Rs. 2,665/-Crores (with 1985-86 rates). The revised estimated cost is Rs. 16010.45 Crores (with 2010-11 price level).

An Index Plan and the Salient Features of the Project are appended.

HISTORY OF THE PROJECT:

A pronounced interest for Multipurpose Project on the River Godavari was felt during the early forties and the Ramapadasagar Project Report prepared in 1951 was an outcome of that.

For some reason or the other no investigations for a reservoir across the Godavari was made previously, till 1941. In the year 1870 Lt-Col. Haig, Superintending Engineer, sent a report for the formation of reservoir across the River Sokileru (a tributary of the Sabari) to irrigate an area of about 7,300 Hectares (18,000 acres). Mr. Walch, in the year 1896 in his book "The Engineering Works of the Godavari Delta" wrote that there are sites on some of the large affluents of the Godavari where storage can be affected at a cost not prohibitory, but did not contemplate a dam across the main Godavari River.

Early in 1941, Shri L. Venkatakrishna Iyer, the then Cheif Engineer for Irrigation, put up definite proposal for a storage Reservoir on the main Godavari River itself near Polavaram. After detailed investigation, the Ramapadasagar Project Report was finalised.

The Ramapada Sagar Project as contemplated consists of

i) a dam 130.0 m (428 ft.) high at the deepest portion,

ii) a canal 209 K.M. (130 Miles) long on the left side emptying into the Vizag Port.

iii) a canal of 200 K,M< (124 Miles) long on the right side upto the Krishna River and (after crossing it by an aqueduct) another 143 K. M. (89 miles) long upto the Gundlakamma river, and

iv a hydro-electric power station to develop 150 Mega-watts of Firm power.

The total cost of the Project was then estimated for Rs. 129/- Crores.

Because of great depths of alluvium on one flank, sands on the other and with acceptable rock available at great depths, the, scheme worked out to be very costly and therefore did not fructify due to financial constraints and construction difficulties.

The extra-ordinary floods in the Godavari River during August 1953 and the urgent needs of Visakhapatnam Steel Plant stressed the need for a barrage on the main river.

Various agreements have also been reached between the neighbouring states for sharing Godavari Waters and for construction of the Polavaram Project with a FRL 45.72 M (150.00 ft,).

Accordingly detailed investigation of the Polavaram Irrigation Project was taken-up in 1976 and Project Report was first presented in 1978. With further investigations and also based on the Comments of Central Water Commission on 1978 and 1982 Project; Reports, the Project report was finalized, in 1986 for estimated cost of Rs. 2665 Crores (with 1985-86 rates). Investigation clearance was accorded by the Planning Commission, for revised cost of Rs. 16010.45 Crores (with 2010-11 price level).

THE RIVER GODAVARI:

The river Godavari is one of the largest Rivers in India, being the second largest in the Indian Union. It runs across from the Western Ghats to Eastern Ghats and owes its greatness for its sanctity, picturesque scenery and utility to man. Starting from a trickle from the lips of a cow at Triambak, the width of the river grows till it is nearly 6.5 KM (4 miles) wide at Dowlaiswaram. It is always spoken of as Southern Ganga and Vriddha Ganga, The last name is really befitting as Godavari is more ancient than the Ganga as the former as nearly reached its base level of erosion while the latter is still in its youthful stage of development.

For scenic beauty, Godavari offers some of; the best scenes. There are a number of pretty places dotted all along. Any body who has visited Pravary Valley cannot but feel the enchantment. But it is after the confluence with Sabari that some of the most picturesque scenes of the World are seen. The Godavari begins to wind amongst the spurs of the Eastern Ghats, which gradually close on it, till it is forced to go through a picturesque gorge at Papikonda which for three Kilo Metres is as narrow as 200 or 300 metres. The depths of the river in the gorge is between 30 to 80 m at flood time. The hills rise with steep sides to heights upto 700 to 1000 m and are clothed from the water's edge to the summit with luxurious vegetations. When Dr. Karl Terzaghi, the great soil Scientist, visited this place, he was in complete ecstasy and remarked that such sights are almost unique and unparalleled.

The Godavari, rises in the Western Ghats at Triambak near Nasik about 113 km.(70 Miles) North-East of Bombay and only 80 K,M. (50 miles) from the Arabian sea. After descending the Western Ghats, it takes a South-Easterly course across the Southern part of Indian Peninsula and flows through 1230 KM. (766 Miles) and falls into the Bay of Bengal about 80 K.M. (50 Miles) East of Rajahmundry. The total catchment area drained by the river is 3,12,812 Sq, K.M. (1,20,777 Sq. Miles) or nearly one tenth of India.

The distribution of the catchment and length of the river in the States through which it flows is as under.

The main tributaries of the river are the Manjira, the Pranhita, the Indravati and the Sabari. The Pranhita is in its turn formed by the confluence of the Wardha, the Penganga and the Wainganga. Out of the total average annual flow of the river, nearly 40% is contributed by the Pranhita, 20% by the Indravati, 10% by the Sabari and the rest by the other Tributaries and the Godavari itself.

The Godavari rising as it does in the heavy rainfall region of the Western Ghats comes under the influence of South-Western monsoon. The region has clearly marked zones with rainfall ranging from 889 mm (35 inches) to 1016 mm. (40 inches). The greater portion of the area drained by the Godavari River receives much more rain during the South-West Monsoon (June to September) than in the North-East Monsoon and consequently the river bring down most of its waters between June and September. The water level begins to raise at Dowlaiswaram some ten days after the South-East Monsoon sets at Bombay usually about the middle of June and it remains almost continuously high till the end of September. High floods during October are rare. The flood season ends by October, but during next two months there are occasional floods caused by the North-East Monsoon over that part of the catchment which comes under its influence.

The maximum flood so far estimated at Dowlaiswaram occurred on the 15th August, 1986 is 0.94 Lakhs cumecs (33 Lakhs cusecs.). The computed maximum flood for 500 year return period works out to 1.02 Lakhs cumecs (36 Lakhs cusecs.).

After the North-East Monsoons have ceased, the river gradually goes down and by the end of May the discharges may be as low as 42.50 cumecs (1500 cusecs.)

As per Bachawat Commission's Report 1979 the dependable annual flow in the river is 71.0 T.M. Cum (2,500 TM. Cft) and the utilisation for the existing and on going Projects as on 1970, is hardly 16.83 T.M. Cum (595 T.M.Cft.).

INTER STATE ASPECTS SHARING OF WATERS AMONG THE BASIN STATES ::

The waters of the rivers Krishna and Godavari were allotted among the Basin States as per the 1951 Agreement. After the reorganisation of the States in 1956, there were major changes in the boundaries of the Basin States and all attempts for an amicable settlement between the party States proved futile. The Government of India, therefore, on 10-04-69 constituted the Godavari water disputes Tribunal.

The Tribunal could not take-up the hearing on sharing of Godavari water till April, 1974 in view of its pre-occupation with similar issue on Krishna River. In view of this no new Project could be taken up by any State. To resolve this crisis, the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India on 19-7-1975 has convened a meeting of the Chief Ministers of party States which paved the way for concluding bilateral agreements. These agreements were subsequently ratified on 19-12-75 under a common agreement. Further agreements have also been concluded which were incorporated in the final adjudication of Godavari Water disputes Tribunal dated 7-7-80.

As per Clause VI of the final order of the Tribunal

i) the Polavaram Project shall be cleared by the Central Water Commission as expeditiously as possible for F. R. L. / M. W L. + 150 Ft.

ii) the matter of design of the dam and its operation schedule is left to the Central Water Commission which itself decide keeping in view of all the Agreements between the parties including the Agreement dated 2-4-80 as far as practicable.

iii) if there is to be any change in the operation schedule as indicated in the Agreement dated 2-4-80, it shall be made only after consultation with the States of Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa. The design aspects shall however be left to the Central Water Commission.

NECESSITY OF THE PROJECT :

Irrigation Aspect :

Andhra Pradesh is predominantly an agricultural State with over 51.58 percent of income being generated through Agriculture. Out of 11.49 milion hectares (28 Milion acres) of net area, only 3.34 milion hectares (8 Milion acres) is the irrigated area under canals, tanks, wells and other sources, the area under canals being 1.59 million hectares (4 million acres). Thus, it may be seen that only about 14% of the net area sown is under Irrigation as compared to All-India figure 22.2%, 24% in Uttar Pradesh and 35% in Punjab.

The area under the assured sources of Irrigation in Krishna and Godavari Deltas is about 0.9 million hectares (2.20 million acres). The Nagarjuna Sagar Project on the Krishna River is expected to serve about 0.8 million hectares (2.0 Milion acres) of land in Nalgonda, Guntur and Prakasam Districts. The Sriramsagar (Pochampad) Project on the River Godavari after completion of Stage-II will serve an area of 0.7 million hectares (1.7 Million acres) of land in the Districts of Nizambad Adilabad, Karimnagar, Khammam and Watangal.

The upland areas situated in the districts of East Godavari and Visakhapatnam on the Left flank and upland of West Godavad and Krishna Districts on the right flank have no other sources of dependable supply except the Godavari River. The failure of rains results in frequent drought and distress conditions. The streams draining the tract are flashy and undependable and irrigation from these streams is precarious. It is therefore, essential to safeguard the irrigation of these areas from a dependable source of supply.

The Polavaram Irrigation Project can only remove the uncertain conditions and backwardness from these areas.

Power Aspect ::

Andhra Pradesh is the fifth largest State in India and fourth in population. It has vast industrial potentialities by way of abundance of raw-materials and human resources, apart from its central situation and accessibility to important industrial areas, to important ports and to big cities. The estimated hydro power potential of the State is about 3,000 Mega watts and the utilisation is hardly 1,652.9 Mega Watts. There are reasonably good inland water-ways, very good railway and road communication systems. Visakhapatnam is having a first class harbour. Inspite of having all the infrastructure for large industrialisation, the State continues to be backward Industrially. One of the main reasons is the lack of cheap and abundant electric power. The per capita consumption of electricity is only about 145 Units, in Andhra Pradesh against the all India figure of over 159 units.

Even in the matter of rural electrification, the State lags behind its neighbouring States. 24,782 Villages out of a total of 27,379 have electric supply.

The above figures clearly indicate the backwardness of the State in the matter of full utilisation of the resources.

By Polavaram Irrigation Project, 960 Mega watts of seasonal power during monsoon, and 80 Mega wat»s of Firm Power can be generated.

Water Supply Aspect :

The Port city of Visakhapatnam and its Industrial complex, the Steel Plant and other auxiliary industries existing and proposed to be set up nearby, the existing outer Harbour, Naval Complex, shipyard, Refinery etc., requires abundant and uninterrupted supply of water. The people in the upland areas of Vizag, East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna suffer for want of drinking water during the summer months.

The Polavaram Irrigation Project will meet the requirement, and provide assured water supply.

Flood Control:

The floods in Godavari are causing damages to standing crops and loss of property and cattle-worth several crores in the plains. The floods of 1953, 1959 and the recent Flood of 1986 had caused great havoc in the Godavari Districts. Till now, no permanent steps are taken to mitigate the flood hazards.

By "Polavaram Irrigation Project", the river can be tamed, flows regulated before the river enters the planes beyond Polavaram and the recurring flood havoc can be mitigated.

Navigation :

At present, the forest produce, the various ores including coal available in the up-stream regions of the fore-shore, and the food grains are transported by railways or by road by circuitous route. The river navigation is not possible during lean months due to insufficient depths of flow.

The Polavaram Project, in view of the formation of the fore-shore lake and the Left Canal designed for Navigation, facilitates cheap and quick transport of forest produce and food grains to the marketing centres and various ores and coal to the Industries

PRESENT PROPOSALS :

The present Polavaram Irrigation Project is a modified proposal of the Rampadasagat Project. The site now selected is situated 2.0 K.M. (1.25 miles) upstream of the original Rampadasagar Project.

It envisages the construction of 2454 M (8051 feet) long Earth-cum-rockfill dam across the main river with a spillway of 1128.40 M (3702 ft.) length on the right flank and power cum river sluices block on the left flank, the details of which are appended.

The Polavaram Irrigation Project is essentially a diversion work. It picks up and diverts the flow of River including releases from the up-stream dams. It has also a live storage capacity of 2,136 million cusecs (75.20 TMC) provided between the FRL of +45.72 M (150.00 feet) and the minimum draw down level of 41.15 M (135.00 ft).

The Reservoir formed by the Dam submerges an area of 637 Sq. Kms. (245.6 Sq. Miles), out of which 601 Sq. Kms. (231.8 Sq. Miles) is in Andhra Pradesh, 24.00 Sq. Kms. (9.20 Sq. Miles) is in Madhya Pradesh and 12 Sq. KM (4.60 Sq. Miles) is in Orissa. Under the Reservoir a total number of 222 Revenue Villages will get submerged, in Andhra Pradesh. 10 villages in Chhattisgarh and 7 villages in Odisha will be protected by Flood Banks.

The Project also envisages the construction of two lined canals, one on the left side and the other on the right side. The Left canal is 181.5 K.M. (112.7 Miles) long with a capacity to irrigate 1.52 Lakhs hectares (4.0 Lakhs acres) in the upland areas of East Godavari and Visakhapatnam Districts besides providing water supply to the Township of Visakhapatnam and other towns and villages enroute and to the Industries in the vicinity. The Left Canal has the facility of Navigation.

The Right Canal is 174 K.M. (110.5 Miles) long and provides irrigation to 1.29 Lakh hectares (3.19 Lakh acres) in the up-land areas of West Godavari and Krishna Districts and also enables a diversion of 2.27 T.M.Cum. (80 T.M.Cft.) to the Krishna river at Vijayawada. 7000 Nos Tube wells are also proposed in the command area of the Project for conjunctive use of ground water along with the river water, to control water logging problems.

960 Mega Watts of seasonal power with firm generation of 80 Mega Watts is also proposed.

On materialisation of the Polavaram Irrigation Project, the following district-wise benefits are anticipated.

1. Visakhapalnam District

a) Direct Benefits :

i) Creation of Irrigation potential for 60704 Ha (1,50,000 Acres).

ii) Domestic & Industrial Water supply to the cities, towns & villages enroute and Steel Plant and other industries in the vicinity, and

iii) Utilisation of Hydro Electric Power.

b) Indirect Benefits

2. East Godavari District:

a) Direct Benefits :

i) Creation of Irrigation potential for 1,01,174 Ha (2,50,000 Acres).

ii) Domestic and drinking water supply to towns and villages enroute and industries

iii) Utilisation of Hydroelectric power

b) Indirect Benefits

Development of Pisciculture, Navigation for Mineral & Forest produce and urbanisation besides tourism with new picnic spots.

3. West Godavari District:

a) Direct Benefits :

i) Creation of irrigation Potential for 1,04,411 Ha (2,58,000 Acres) and utilisation of Hydro Electric Power.

b) Indirect Benefits

Development of Pisciculture, urbanisation, besides tourism with new picnic spots.

4. Krishna District :

a) Direct Benefits :

Creation of Irrigation Potential for 25,091 Ha (62,000 Acres), and utilisation of Hydro Electric Power.

b) Indirect Benefits

Development of Pisciculture, urbanisation, besides tourism.

The cost of the project priced at 2010-11 price level is as detailed below:—

On the completion of the Polavaram Irrigation Project the following benefits arc envisaged.

i) Increased Agriculture production to a tune of 109 Lakhs M.T., per annum.

ii) Increased power generation of 960 M.W.

iii) Assured water supply to Visakhapatnam City, and enroute villages, Steel Plant and Other Industries in the vicinity.

iv) Diversion of 2.27 TM. Cum. (80 TM. Cft) of Godavari Waters into the: Krishna River.

v) Inland water transport for the mineral and forest produce and other agricultural and industrial products.

vi) Provides recreation facilities and pisciculture etc., and urbanisation.

PRESENT STATUS OF POLAVARAM IRRIGATION PROJECT

Government of Andhra Pradesh have accorded Administrative sanction for Rs. 14675.768 Crores including LA, R&R and Payments to Forest Department.

TAC of CWC accorded Techno Economic clearance for the Revised Estimated cost of Project for Rs. 16010.45 Crores on 04.01.2011.

All the clearances are received for the Project. The Government of India declared this Project to be National Project (section-90 of AP-Reorganization Act 2014). It is programmed to complete the works by 03/2018.

The Agreement value of 22 packages of PIP is Rs.7906.853 Crores. The overall progress of PIP works is 34%.

PIP HEAD WORKS:

Government have accorded administrative approval for Rs. 10480.340 Crores vide G.O.Ms.No. 05, Dt: 06.02.2013, G.O.Ms.No. 93, Dt: 24.05.2005 and G.O. Ms. No. 54, Dt: 31.05.2010 for execution of Head works including LA, R&R, Payments to Forest Department. The components of Head works consist of Earth cum Rock Fill Dam, Spillway Power House under one package and Left & Right connectivities under 6 packages (Package Nos. 62 to 67).

The previous contracts of Spillway and Earth cum Rock Fill Dam were preclosed in August 2009 due to slow progress.

Agreement was concluded in March 2013 with M/s. Transstroy JSC EC – UES (JV) for Rs. 4,054.00 Crores for the construction of Spillway, Earth cum Rock fill dam and foundations of Power House.

All the contracts of 7 packages of Head works are in progress. The progress of works of Left & Right connectivities under 6 Packages (Package No. 62 to 67) is about 52%. The progress of Earth cum Rock fill dam, Spillway & Power house (By the new agency) is 6%. The overall progress of 7 Packages of Head works is 11%.

The total extent of land required for Head works is 2668.36 Acres. So far an extent of 2643.36 Acres is acquired (99%).

It is programmed to complete the Head Works by 03/2018.

Bottlenecks:

1) Shifting of Sri Satya Sai Drinking Water Pipeline for the packages 66 & 67.

2) Out of 7 villages in West Godavari District under Phase-I of R&R programme. 3 villages are shifted (Devaragondhi, Mamidigondhi, Thotagondhi) 4 villages are to be shifted (Chegondapalli, Pydipaka, Ramayyapeta, SIngannapalli)

Out of 7 villages in East Godavari District under Phase-I of R&R programme. villages are shifted (Anguluru, Bodigudem, D-Ravilanka, Nelakota, Paragasanipadu) and 2 villages are to be shifted (Nagallapalli, P-Gonduru)

Land to Land compensation to Nelakota villages is to be settled (Packages 66 & 67).

1 village (Veeravaram Lanka) in East Godavari under Phase-II R&R programme is shifted.

PIP RIGHT MAIN CANAL:

Government have accorded administrative approval for Rs. 2240.688 Crores vide G.O.Ms.No. 150, Dt: 23.07.2008 for execution of Right Main Canal. The Canal runs for a length of 174 Kms in West Godavari and Krishna Districts. For execution purpose, the canal is divided into 7 Packages. All the works are grounded and the works are in progress. The percentage of work done is 71%.

The total extent of land required for Right Main Canal in 12543.61 Acres. The extent of land so far acquired is 12505.45 Acres (99.7%).

It is proposed to Irrigate 3,20,000 Acres under this Right Main Canal in West Godavari and Krishna Districts and to divert 80 TMC of water to Krishna river. It is programmed to complete the Right Main Canal works by July 2016.

Bottlenecks:

An extent of 38.16 Acres of Land is to be handed over due in Package No. 4 for additional length of canal.

PIP LEFT MAIN CANAL:

Government have accorded administrative approval for Rs. 1954.74 Crores vide G.O.Ms.No. 104, Dt: 30.05.2008 for execution of Left Main Canal works. The Canal runs for a length of 181.50 Kms in East Godavari and Visakhapatnam Districts.

For execution purpose, the Canal is divided into 8 Packages. All the works are grounded and works are in progress. The percentage of work done is 59%.

It is proposed to Irrigate an ayacut of 4,00,000 Acres in East Godavari and Visakhapatnam Districts and to supply 23.44 TMC of water to Visakhapatnam city for industrial and domestic needs.

The total extent of land required is 10661.96 Acres under the Left Main Canal. The extent of land so far acquired is 10328.67 Acres (97%).

Works are in progress in packages 1 to 8.

It is programmed to complete the Left Main Canal works by June 2016.

Bottlenecks:

1) Land to an extent of 333.29 Acres is still to be acquired.

2) One court case is pending in Hon'ble High Court in respect of Package No. 5. Four court cases are pending in Hon'ble Court in respect of New Water Supply Canal under Package No. 8.

3) Permission is to be obtained for 2 Nos. of NH crossings, 2 Nos of Railway crossings and 1 No. HPCL crossing in Package No. 8 and 1 No. HPCL / GAIL crossings in Package No. 1.

4) Shifting of electrical lines in Package No. 7 in the reach from Km 144.750 to Km 145.000 from Km 148.00 to Km 149.00 and from Km 158.000 to Km 159.000.

5) Canal closures to the existing YLM water supply canal which supplies water to Visakhapatnam are to be given twice in a year to complete the works of Package 8 of PIPLMC. The works are hampered due to non closure of YLM WS canal as per schedule period since 2011.

SALIENT FEATURES

1.0 LOCATION :
i) Longitude	:	81°-39' 46" E.
ii) Latitude	:	17°-16' 53" N.
iii) District	:	West Godavari
iv) Mandalam	:	Polavaram
v) Distance from the existing anicut near Dowlaiswaram	:	42 KM (26 Miles)
vi) Distance from Kovvur/Rajahmundry.	:	34 KM (21 Miles)
2.0 MAIN WORKS :
i) Earth-cum-rock fill dam	:	2454 m long
ii) Spillway in right flank	:	1128.40 M
iv) Left Main Canal,	:	181.50 KM
v) Right Main Canal.	:	174 KM
3.0 HYDROLOGY :
i) Catchment Area.	:	3,06.643 Sq. Km (1,18,446 Sq. Miles)
ii Design flood discharge	:	1.02 Lakhs cumec (36 Lakhs cusec )
iii) Maximum flood discharge observed at Dowlaiswaram (in1953)	:	0.85 Lakh cumec (30 Lakh cusec.)
iv) Annual Rainfall	:	1022.95 mm
v) Yield proposed to be utilisad bythe Project	:	9.133 TM Cum (322.73 TM eft)
vi) Duty	:	740 Ha/Cumec.
vii) Cropping pattern proposed.	:	As detailed below

Sl. No.	Proposed cropping pattern	Under Left Canal		Under Right Canla		Total
		Area in Lakh Acre	Utilisation T.M.C.	Area in Lakh Acre	Utilisation T.M.C.	Area in Lakh Acre	Utilisation T.M.C
i)	Paddy	2.00	58.54	1.601	48.05	3.601	106.59
ii)	Sugar Cane	1.25	55.70	1.001	43.74	2.251	99.44
iii)	Chillies	0.75	4.07	0.580	3.40	1.329	7.47
iv)	Pulses over Paddy	2.00	8.24	1.601	6.59	3.601	14.83
	Total		126.55		101.78		228.33

viii)
a) Irrigation under left Main Canal	2.400 TM. Cum.	(84.815 TMC)
b) Irrigation under Right Main Canal	2.267 TM. Cum.	(80.09 TMC)
c) Water supply to Visakhapatnam.	0.663 TM. Cum.	(23.44 TMC)
d) Diversion to Krishna River including losses	2.397 TM. Cum.	(84.70 TMC)
Samalkot Canal requirement	0.234 TM. Cum	(8.27 TMC)
Odisha	0.142 TM. Cum.	(5.00 TMC.)
Chhattisgarh	0.042 TM. Cum.	(1.50 TMC.)
Evaporation losses	0.988 TM. Cum.	(34.92 TMC.)
Total utilization	9.133 TM. Cum.	(322.73 TMC.)

ix) Intensity of Irrigation.

	Under Left Canal Ha.	Under Right Canal Ha.	Total Ha.
a) G.C.A	2,16,197	1,62,691	3,78,888
b) C.C.A.	1,74,978	1,48,418	3,23,396
c) Net Irrigated Area	1,61,855	1,29,259	2,91,114
d) Cropped Area
i) Paddy	80,927	64,751	1,45,678
ii) Sugar Cane	50,583	40,469	91,051
iii) Chillies	30,345	24,039	54,384
iv) Pulses over Paddy	80,927	64,751	1,45,678
Total Cropped Area	2,42,782	1,94,010	4,36,792

Intensity of Irrigation For the total area. -- 436792/323396 X 100 = 135%

4.0 DAM AND APPURTENANT WORKS:
4.1. Water Levels:
i) Full Reservoir level	:	+ 45.72 m (+ 150.00 Ft)
ii) Low water level (MDDL)	:	+ 41.15 m (+ 135.00 Ft)
iii) Maximum tail water level	:	+ 30.48 m (+ 100.00 Ft)
iv) Minimum tail water level	:	+ 13.64 m (+ 44.75 Ft)
4.2 Reservoir:
i) Gross storage at FRL (+ 45.72 m)	:	5.511 TM. Cum. (194.60 TMC)
ii) Storage at MDDL (+ 41.15 m)	:	3.381 TM Cum. (119.40 TMC)
iii) Live storage above MDDL (+41.15 m)	:	2.130 TM. Cum. (75.20 TMC)
iv) Land under submergence:
a) Andhra Pradesh	:	44,513 Ha.
b) Chhattisgarh (1504 Ha)	:	Under Flood Banks Protection
c) Odisha(1026 Ha)	:	Under Flood Banks Protection
v) Number of villages coming under submergence:
a) Andhra Pradesh	:	222 Nos.
b) Chhattisgarh (10 Nos.)	:	Under Flood Banks Protection
c) Odisha(7 Nos.)	:	Under Flood Banks Protection
vi) Population to be Rehabilitated:	:	1,88,370 persons
a) Andhra Pradesh	:	44,574 Families
4.3. Earth-com-rockfill dam across the river:
i) Length	:	2454 m
ii) T.B.L.	:	+53.32 m
iii) Top width	:	15.00 m
iv) Average bed level	:	+15.00 m
v) Deep bed level	:	+ 8.32 m
vi) Height above deep bed level	:	45.00 m
vii) Height above average bed level	:	38.32 m
4.4 Spillway in right flank:	:
i) Design flood discharge	:	1.02 Lakh cumec (36 Lakh cusec)
ii) Flood disposal level	:	+ 42.67 m (+ 140.00 ft)
iii) Top level of gates	:	+ 45.72 m
iv) Crest level	:	+ 25.72 m
v) Size of gates	:	16 m x 20m
vi) Number of gates	:	48
vii) Foundation level at deep portion	:	(--) 9.25 m
viii) Road level	:	+ 54.00 m
ix) Bucket level	:	+ 5.00 m
x) Length of spillway between abutments	:	1128.40 m
4.5 Power house:
Power house consists of 12 units of 80 MW each	:	960 MW
5.0. CANALS:
5.1 Left Main Canal:
i) Length of main canal	:	181.50 KM
ii) Length of water supply canal	:	10.85 KM
iii) Design discharge at head.	:	497.277 cumec
		(17561 cusec.)
iv) Full supply level at start	:	+ 40.54 m
v) Bed width	:	85.50 m
vi) Full supply depth	:	5.00 m
vii) Bed fall	:	1 in 20,000
viii) Proposed ayacut.	:	1.619 lakh Hects.
		(4.0 Lakh Acres)
5.2. Right main canal:
i) Length of the canal	:	174.00 KM
ii) Design discharge at head	:	499.299 Cumec.
		(17633 cusec)
iii) Bed width	:	85.50 m
iv) Full supply depth.	:	5.0 m
v) Bed fall.	:	1 in 20,000
vi) Full supply level at start	:	+ 40.232 m
vii) Proposed Ayacut.	:	1.295 Lakh Hectares
		(3.20 Lakh Acres)

6.0 TALUKS BENEFITTED:
6.1 Left Main Canal
i) East Godavari District:
a) Rajahmundry.
b) Peddapuram.
c) Prathipadu.
d) Alamuru.
e) Rayavaram.
f) Pithapuram
g) Tuni.
ii) Visakhapatnam District:
a) Yelamanchili
b) Anakapalle.
6.2 Right main canal:
i) West Godavari District:
a) Polavaram
b) Kovvur.
c) Tadepalligudem.
d) Eluru.
ii) Krishna District:
a) Nuzvid.
b) Gannavaram.
c) Vijayawada.

7.0. BENEFITS:
i) Irrigation	2.914 Lakh Hectares (7.20 Lakh Acres)
ii) Power generation	3,100 Million units Annually (Tentative)

iii) Water Supply: - 23.44 TMC of assured water supply to the fast growing major harbour eity of Visakhapatnam, other Towns and Villages enroute and the Visakhapatnam Steel Plant and also for the various industries viz: Outer Harbour, Ship building yard, Port trust, Eastern Naval Command, Bharat Heavy Plates & Vessels, Cattex Oil Refinery, Coramandal Fertilisers, Zinc Smelter Plant in and around Visakhapatnam city.

iii) Diversion: Diversion of 80 TMC of Godavari waters to Krishna river at Vijayawada.

iv) Navigation: Facilitates Navigation in the fore-shore to transport mineral and forest produce and food grains to marketing centres. Also provides Navigation from Polavaram to Visakhapatnam.

v) Other Benefits: Development of Tourism and Pisciculture and creation of Recreational facilities besides urbanisation.

8.0 COST OF THE PROJECT: (@ 2010-11 price level)
i) Dam & Appurtenant Works	9135.79
ii) Right Main Canal	2370.79
iii) Left Main Canal & Water supply canal	1635.47
iv) Power House	2868.40
Total Cost	16010.45 Crs
9.0 B.C. RATIO:	1.70